If nothing works to stop the Microsoft account problem notification, you can disable and block Microsoft accounts features entirely through Group Policy Editor. Make sure there isn’t any Microsoft account email added on the list. Under Accounts, click on Manage your accounts. To check this, go to the same Shared Experiences settings as instructed above. And that you don’t have any Microsoft account bind with any app or email in Windows 10.
If you are not using any Microsoft account and don’t plan to use one, make sure you are using a local account to login to your Windows 10.
Shared Experiences already off but problem persists
The Microsoft account problem popup should be gone on next startup. In that case, you have to turn off the Shared Experiences to stop the syncing, thus, also stopping the Microsoft Account Problem popup notification in Windows 10.